Established role
Recognized physiological function of a vitamin, mineral or nutrient—not a promise of a clinical outcome.
The evidence, with the fine print intact.
This library brings peer-reviewed studies together with trusted public-health guidance. Evidence about an ingredient does not establish that a specific product prevents or treats a condition.
How to read this page
Three levels of confidence
Limited / mixed
Human research exists, but findings conflict, effects are modest or important limitations remain.
Early evidence
Small, short or preliminary studies that should be treated as a research signal rather than a conclusion.
Joint nutrition
View product →Aroflex
British Journal of Sports Medicine · 2018
↗Dietary supplements for osteoarthritis
Network meta-analysis; findings varied and clinical importance was uncertain.
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · 2012
↗Collagen derivatives in osteoarthritis
Systematic review reporting insufficient, low-certainty evidence.
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · 2008
↗Rosehip powder for osteoarthritis
Systematic review of a small number of trials.
Trusted guidanceNIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health · 2023
↗Glucosamine and chondroitin: what consumers should know
Authoritative overview of their structural role, the mixed clinical evidence and important safety considerations.
Trusted guidanceNIH Office of Dietary Supplements · 2025
↗Vitamin C: health professional fact sheet
Summarises vitamin C’s established roles in collagen biosynthesis, antioxidant function and iron absorption.
Women’s wellness
View product →Arovit
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · 2024
↗Inositol for PCOS: systematic review for the 2023 guideline
Thirty trials; possible benefits for some outcomes, but evidence remained limited and inconclusive.
European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences · 2019
↗Myo- and D-chiro-inositol ratios
Small, underpowered comparison with eight participants per ratio group.
Phytotherapy Research · 2022
↗Resveratrol in women with PCOS
Used 1,000 mg daily—40 times the amount listed in one Arovit tablet.
Trusted guidanceNIH Office of Dietary Supplements · 2025
↗Dietary supplements and life stages: pregnancy
Authoritative review of folate’s role in cell division and nucleic-acid synthesis before and during pregnancy.
Bone nutrition
View product →Calcin
JAMA Network Open · 2019
↗Vitamin D, calcium and fracture prevention
Vitamin D alone showed no reduction; pooled calcium plus vitamin D trials suggested small reductions.
JAMA · 2018
↗Supplementation for primary fracture prevention
No clear benefit in community-dwelling adults without known deficiency or osteoporosis; kidney stones increased slightly with combined supplementation.
Trusted guidanceNIH Office of Dietary Supplements · 2025
↗Calcium: health professional fact sheet
Covers bone structure, muscle function, nerve transmission and vitamin D-dependent calcium absorption.
Trusted guidanceNIH Office of Dietary Supplements · 2025
↗Vitamin D: health professional fact sheet
Reviews established functions and the limits of supplementation-outcome evidence.
Vitamin D + K
View product →D-Top 1000
Food & Function · 2020
↗Vitamin D and K co-supplementation
Meta-analysis of eight relatively small trials; bone-density findings require cautious interpretation.
JAMA Network Open · 2019
↗Vitamin D supplementation and fractures
Vitamin D alone did not reduce fracture risk in pooled randomized trials.
Trusted guidanceNIH Office of Dietary Supplements · 2025
↗Vitamin D: health professional fact sheet
Summarises calcium absorption, bone mineralisation, muscle and immune functions.
Trusted guidanceNIH Office of Dietary Supplements · 2025
↗Vitamin K: consumer fact sheet
Explains vitamin K’s established role in clotting and its involvement in healthy bones.
Eggshell membrane
View product →Nemflex
Journal of Arthritis · 2020
↗Eggshell membrane in knee osteoarthritis
Twelve-week randomized trial; some secondary outcomes improved while the primary pain result was less clear.
Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2018
↗Eggshell membrane and exercise discomfort
Small study in postmenopausal women using 500 mg daily.
Trusted guidanceSystematic review and meta-analysis · 2024
↗Eggshell membrane for joint pain and function
Seven randomised trials were reviewed; pooled results were promising but the authors called for more high-quality research.
Nerve nutrition
View product →Neurona
Frontiers in Endocrinology · 2023
↗Oral alpha-lipoic acid for diabetic polyneuropathy
Meta-analysis found symptom-score changes mainly with doses substantially above the product amount.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2024
↗Alpha-lipoic acid for diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Concluded that six-month treatment probably has little or no effect; trials had important limitations.
Medicine · 2021
↗Mecobalamin for peripheral neuropathies
Systematic review and meta-analysis; heterogeneity and study quality limit certainty.
Trusted guidanceNIH Office of Dietary Supplements · 2025
↗Vitamin B12: consumer fact sheet
Explains B12’s established contribution to healthy nerve and blood cells and DNA production.
Trusted guidanceNIH National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health · 2024
↗Diabetes and dietary supplements
Provides a cautious review of alpha-lipoic-acid research and safety.
This page is an educational summary, not a systematic review or medical recommendation. Study quality, population, formulation, dose and duration all affect whether results apply. Discuss supplements with a qualified healthcare professional.